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Selection Report: Linkage Projects 2022 Round 1

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Overview

The Linkage Projects scheme supports projects which initiate or develop long term strategic research alliances to apply advanced knowledge to problems, acquire new knowledge and as a basis for securing commercial and other benefits of research.

The objectives of the Linkage Projects scheme are to:

  • support the development of long-term strategic research alliances between higher education organisations and industry and other research end-users, in order to apply advanced knowledge to problems;
  • provide opportunities for internationally competitive research projects to be conducted in collaboration with organisations outside the higher education sector; and
  • enhance the scale and focus of research in Australian Government priority areas, particularly the National Manufacturing Priorities.

Selection Process

Applications for Linkage Projects 2022 Assessment Round 1 opened on 31 March 2022 and closed on 1 August 2022. Applications were submitted using a continuous application process, this is the first of the two assessment rounds for this scheme. Applications were submitted through the Australian Research Council (ARC) Research Management System (RMS). This report outlines outcomes from the selection process for that round.

These recommendations are based on advice from the ARC Selection Advisory Committees (SAC) which:

  • assigned independent assessors to review the applications
  • assessed applications and reviewed assessments made by independent assessors
  • reviewed applicants’ comments on assessors’ reports
  • ranked each application relative to the others on the basis of the application, the assessors’ reports and applicants’ responses to those assessments
  • assessed and recommended budgets;

and, advice from the ARC’s National Competitive Grants Program (NCGP) Eligibility Committee which:

  • considered eligibility issues identified by ARC staff, the members of the ARC College of Experts or independent assessors
  • where required, sought advice from the ARC’s Medical Research Advisory Group
  • made recommendations to the CEO in respect of ineligible applications.

This report reflects the outcomes approved by the Minister. Unless otherwise specified, data presented in this report exclude withdrawn applications.

Assessment Criteria

All applications that meet the eligibility criteria for Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) were assessed and merit ranked using the following assessment criteria:

  1. Investigator(s)/Capability (20%)

Describe the quality of the named participants’ Research Opportunity and Performance Evidence (ROPE) including evidence of:

  • potential to engage in collaborative research with end-users;
  • experience in research training, mentoring and supervision; and
  • time and capacity to undertake and manage the proposed research in collaboration with the Partner Organisation(s).
  1. Project quality and innovation (25%)

Describe the extent to which the project is significant and innovative including:

  • any new methods or technologies to be developed that address a specific market opportunity;
  • how the anticipated outcomes will advance the knowledge base to address an important problem and/or provide an end-user and/or industry advantage;
  • how the project’s aims and concepts are novel and innovative; and
  • how the project will significantly enhance links with industry and/or other organisations outside the Australian publicly-funded research and higher education sectors.

Describe the research approach and training including:

  • the conceptual framework, design, methods and analyses, demonstrating these are adequately developed, well integrated and appropriate to the aims of the project; and
  • the intellectual content and scale of the work proposed is appropriate to a higher degree by research student where relevant.
  1. Feasibility and commitment (20%)

Describe:

  • the extent to which the project represents value for money;
  • the supportive and high-quality environment for this research in the Administering Organisation and the Partner Organisation(s);
  • the availability of the necessary facilities to conduct the research;
  • the commitment of each Partner Organisation to collaboration in the research project and capacity to implement the outcomes of the research; and
  • the adequacy of the budget, including cash and in-kind contributions pledged by the participating organisations.

If the project involves research pertaining to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander research communities describe:

  • the strategies for enabling collaboration with Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities where appropriate (for example, dialogue/collaboration with an Indigenous cultural mentor); and
  • any existing or developing, supportive and high quality research communities ; and
  • any personal affiliations with local Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities that can facilitate the proposed research.
  1. Benefit (35%)

Describe:

  • the new or advanced knowledge resulting from outcomes of the research;
  • the economic, commercial, environmental, social and/or cultural benefits for relevant Australian research end-users (including relevant industry sectors);
  • the potential contribution to Australian Government priority areas such as the National Manufacturing Priorities, the National Science and Research Priorities, the Low Emissions Technology Statement, the National Agricultural Innovation Priorities, and the Defence Science and Technology Strategy 2030;
  • benefits of the research for Partner Organisation(s) and other relevant end-users;
  • the contribution of the research to developing strategic research alliances between the higher education organisation(s) and industry and/or other organisation(s);
  • strategies to encourage dissemination, commercialisation, and if appropriate, the promotion of research outcomes; and
  • where relevant, the extent to which the applicants have identified the freedom to operate in the Intellectual Property and patent landscape to enable future benefits to industry and/or end-users.

Assessment process

The ARC assessment process for Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) involved 15 SAC members as part of one multidisciplinary panel and was managed in RMS. A total of 635 independent assessors’ reports were submitted to the ARC.

Funding levels and duration

Funding of between $50,000 and $300,000 per annum for up to five years may be awarded for each Linkage Projects application.

Summary of outcomes

The ARC received a total of 193 applications for Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1), none of which were withdrawn.

The overall success rate for Linkage Projects for funding applied for in 2022 (Round 1) is 42.0 per cent.

Of the unsuccessful applications, none were found to not meet eligibility requirements.

A comparison of success rates and funding amounts is shown in Table 1.

Table 1.    Comparison of application numbers, success rates, requested and allocated funds for approved Linkage Projects applications from 2021 (Rounds 1, 2 and 3) and 2022 (Round 1)

Scheme Round Applications Considered Applications Approved Success rate (%) Requested funds over project life for all applications considered ($) Requested funds over project life for approved applications ($) Funds over project life for approved applications ($) Return
Rate for approved applications (%)
2021 (Round 1) 156 52 33.3 $79,107,431 $27,924,670 $24,453,512 87.6
2021 (Round 2) 206 68 33.0 $104,442,886 $36,666,155 $31,795,813 86.7
2021 (Round 3) 207 61 29.5 $114,276,759 $36,477,703 $29,657,243 81.3
2022 (Round1) 193 81 42.0 $100,220,423 $43,807,006 $40,083,565 91.5

*May include indicative funds

Outcomes by discipline

A summary of outcome by discipline is shown in Table 2.

Table 2.    Application numbers, success rates and requested and allocated funds for approved Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) applications by discipline

Discipline* Applications considered Applications approved Success rate (%) Requested funds over project life for all applications considered ($) Requested funds over project life for approved applications ($) Funds over project life for approved applications ($) Return
Rate for approved applications (%)
BSB 25 12 48.0 $16,052,908 $8,237,826 $7,797,328 94.7
EIC 93 33 35.5 $51,510,283 $18,996,854 $16,907,730 89.0
HSE 56 25 44.6 $23,469,294 $10,811,942 $10,027,116 92.7
MPCE 19 11 57.9 $9,187,938 $5,760,384 $5,351,391 92.9
Total 193 81 42.0 $100,220,423 $43,807,006 $40,083,565 91.5

* BSB – Biological Sciences and Biotechnology; EIC – Engineering, Information and Computing Sciences; HSE – Humanities and Creative Arts, Social, Behavioural and Economic Sciences; MPCE – Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences

Outcomes by Science and Research Priorities

A summary of outcomes by Science and Research Priorities is shown in Table 3.

Table 3.    Approved funding and success rate for Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) applications by Science and Research Priorities

Science and Research Priorities Applications considered Applications approved Success rate (%) Approved funds over project life ($)
Advanced Manufacturing 49 20 40.8 $10,186,959
Cybersecurity 9 3 33.3 $1,227,272
Energy 18 8 44.4 $5,077,473
Environmental Change 26 14 53.8 $6,941,198
Food 14 10 71.4 $5,362,762
Health 21 9 42.9 $3,155,976
Resources 8 2 25.0 $755,230
Soil and Water 8 3 37.5 $1,803,818
Transport 8 1 12.5 $126,839
None selected 32 11 34.4 $5,446,038
Total Applications 193 81 42.0 $40,083,565
Total Applications within Science and Research Priorities 161 70 43.5 $34,637,527
Percentage within Science and Research Priorities (%) 83.4 86.4   86.4

Leverage of ARC Funding

Of the 193 applications considered, 81 were approved with a total approved funding, of $40.1 million over the life of these projects. There are 210 unique Partner Organisations involved with these projects, and they have pledged a total (cash and in-kind) of $58.9 million. This represents $1.47 from Partner Organisations for every dollar funded by the ARC.

Outcomes by Administering Organisation

A summary of outcomes by Administering Organisation is shown in Table 4.

Table 4.    Numbers of applications, success rates, ARC approved funding and Partner Organisation contributions for approved Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) applications by Administering Organisation

Administering Organisation Applications considered Applications approved Success rate (%) ARC approved funding over project life (approved applications) Partner Organisation contributions (cash & in-kind) over project life (approved applications)
Australian Capital Territory 10 6 60.0 $2,069,617 $2,724,128
The Australian National University 7 5 71.4 $1,722,190 $2,116,175
University of Canberra 3 1 33.3 $347,427 *
New South Wales 67 32 47.8 $15,313,601 $22,129,765
Australian Catholic University 1 0 0 - -
Charles Sturt University 1 1 100.0 $206,431 *
Macquarie University 9 2 22.2 $805,908 $893,760
Southern Cross University 1 1 100.0 $716,260 *
The University of New England 1 1 100.0 $540,519 *
The University of New South Wales 15 6 40.0 $2,898,624 $4,164,850
The University of Newcastle 5 3 60.0 $1,742,691 $2,854,744
The University of Sydney 11 6 54.5 $3,730,622 $5,905,864
University of Technology Sydney 10 5 50.0 $2,088,316 $3,186,298
University of Wollongong 6 3 50.0 $1,232,724 $1,362,738
Western Sydney University 7 4 57.1 $1,351,506 $1,515,242
Queensland 42 15 35.7 $7,168,980 $10,853,234
Griffith University 6 0 0 - -
Queensland University of Technology 9 4 44.4 $1,910,325 $2,758,455
The University of Queensland 25 9 36.0 $4,231,334 $7,011,631
The University of Southern Queensland 2 2 100.0 $1,027,321 $1,083,148
South Australia 12 5 41.7 $2,967,606 $3,453,700
Flinders University 6 2 33.3 $1,005,068 $1,034,440
The University of Adelaide 3 2 66.7 $1,405,458 $1,804,260
University of South Australia 3 1 33.3 $557,080 *
Tasmania 3 3 100.0 $2,237,210 $3,581,051
University of Tasmania 3 3 100.0 $2,237,210 $3,581,051
Victoria 46 18 39.1 $8,930,543 $14,574,952
Deakin University 8 1 12.5 $316,699 *
La Trobe University 3 1 33.3 $532,680 *
Monash University 11 4 36.4 $2,528,791 $4,983,938
RMIT University 8 3 37.5 $1,221,664 $1,436,358
Swinburne University of Technology 3 3 100.0 $1,179,243 $1,421,000
The University of Melbourne 13 6 46.2 $3,151,466 $5,562,572
Western Australia 13 2 15.4 $1,396,008 $1,586,766
Curtin University 6 0 0 - -
The University of Western Australia 7 2 28.6 $1,396,008 $1,586,766
Total 193 81 42.0 $40,083,565 $58,903,596

* For confidentiality reasons, total contributions by Partner Organisations are not shown in instances in which Administering Organisations are associated with one approved application only. The Table 4 total does, however, include the total contributions by Partner Organisations on approved Projects associated with those Administering Organisations.
 

Partner Organisations were identified as Australian, international, government, non-profit, industry or overseas higher education organisations. The Partner Organisation contributions in these categories for Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) applications approved for funding are shown below in Table 5.

Table 5.    Partner Organisation contributions by sector for approved Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) applications

Type   Cash In-Kind Total
    $ % $ % $ %
Government              
International   $25,000 0.1 $36,000 0.1 $61,000 0.1
Australian Federal   $616,679 3.1 $1,971,363 5.1 $2,588,042 4.4
Australian state, territory and local   $3,096,355 15.4 $6,132,296 15.8 $9,228,651 15.7
  Sub-total $3,738,034 18.6 $8,139,659 21.0 $11,877,693 20.2
Industry Body              
Australian   $9,898,306 49.2 $18,587,505 47.9 $28,485,811 48.4
International   $2,860,682 14.2 $3,411,588 8.8 $6,272,270 10.7
  Sub-total $12,758,988 63.4 $21,999,093 56.7 $34,758,081 59.0
Non-profit              
Australian   $2,870,615 14.3 $7,063,302 18.2 $9,933,917 16.9
International   $133,517 0.7 $629,200 1.6 $762,717 1.3
  Sub-total $3,004,132 14.9 $7,692,502 19.8 $10,696,634 18.2
Higher Education              
International   $0 0 $182,094 0.5 $182,094 0.3
  Sub-total $0 0 $182,094 0.5 $182,094 0.3
Other              
Other   $624,400 3.1 $764,694 2.0 $1,389,094 2.4
  Sub-total $624,400 3.1 $764,694 2.0 $1,389,094 2.4
  Total $20,125,554 100 $38,778,042 100 $58,903,596 100

Note: All percentages are shown using rounded figures, and as such may not sum to 100%.

Partnerships

Linkage Projects applications represent partnerships between researchers, higher education organisations and other organisations, as well as collaborations between Partner Organisations within projects. There are a total of 223 instances of collaboration with Partner Organisations (including multiple collaborations with a number of organisations) in Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) applications approved for funding, giving an average of 2.75 Partner Organisations involved in each application. These partnerships form congruent and/or complementary linkages in Fields of Research (FoR). A summary of the FoR categories identified by applicants of approved applications and the total Partner Organisation contributions are shown below in Table 6.

Table 6.    Application data by Field of Research category for Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1)

Field of Research category Number of applications approved# Partner Organisation contributions (cash & in-kind) over project life (approved applications)
Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences 7 $5,713,177
Biological Sciences 3 $2,755,600
Built Environment and Design 2 $507,000
Chemical Sciences 5 $4,362,706
Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services 2 $743,000
Earth Sciences 4 $2,065,803
Economics 2 $805,136
Engineering 25 $22,743,020
Environmental Sciences 2 $1,520,811
Health Sciences 3 $1,276,293
History, Heritage, and Archaeology 3 $2,060,501
Human Society 5 $2,754,730
Indigenous Studies 1 *
Information and Computing Sciences 7 $5,144,366
Language, Communication and Culture 6 $3,498,980
Mathematical Sciences 1 *
Physical Sciences 1 *
Psychology 2 $693,685
Total 81 $58,903,596

# Based on the primary FoR

*For confidentiality reasons, total contributions by Partner Organisations are not shown in instances in which FoR codes are associated with one approved application only. The Table 6 total does, however, include the total contributions by Partner Organisations on approved Projects associated with those FoR codes.

Career age and gender

Of the 671 Chief Investigators (CIs) in this round, 214 were female, 457 were male and none were indeterminate/intersex or chose not to specify their gender. The success rate for female and male CIs in Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) is 42.5 per cent and 41.6 per cent respectively. 

Success rates of CIs by career age and gender in Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) are presented in Figure 1. CIs who did not specify the date of completion of their PhD (or equivalent) or who do not hold a PhD (0.4 per cent) are not represented in the figure below.

Figure 1.   Participation and success rate of Chief Investigators (CIs) in Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) by gender and career age*

Bar and Line Graph

*Career age is calculated as years since PhD (or equivalent). The earliest PhD award date was used where there was more than one PhD.

International Collaboration

In the 193 applications considered, applicants foreshadowed 152 instances of collaboration with researchers in 33 overseas locations. Of the applications approved for funding, 38 foreshadowed 53 instances of collaboration with researchers in 19 overseas locations (Figure 2).

Figure 2.   International collaborations by location on approved Linkage Projects 2022 (Round 1) applications*

Pie chart

*The top 11 international collaboration locations are listed in Figure 2 and the remaining locations are grouped in the ‘Other’ category.