OverviewThe Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities scheme provides funding for research infrastructure, equipment and facilities to Eligible Organisations. It enables researchers to participate in cooperative initiatives so that expensive research infrastructure, equipment and facilities can be shared between higher education organisations and also with industry. The scheme also fosters collaboration through its support of the cooperative use of international or national research facilities.The objectives of the Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities scheme are to:support excellent basic and applied research and research training through the acquisition of research equipment and infrastructure and access to national and international research facilities; andencourage Eligible Organisations to develop collaborative arrangements with other Eligible Organisations and/or Partner Organisations for the acquisition and use of research equipment and infrastructure or access to national and international facilities; Selection Process Applications for funding commencing in 2021 opened on 29 January 2020, and closed on 29 April 2020. Applications were submitted through the Australian Research Council (ARC) Research Management System (RMS). This report outlines outcomes from the selection process for that round.These outcomes are based on advice from the ARC Selection Advisory Committee (SAC) which:assessed applications and reviewed assessments made by independent assessorsreviewed applicants’ comments on assessors’ reportsranked each application relative to the others on the basis of the application, the assessors’ reports and applicants’ responses to those assessmentsassessed and recommended budgets;and, advice from the ARC’s National Competitive Grants Program (NCGP) Eligibility Committee which:considered eligibility issues identified by ARC staff, the members of the ARC College of Experts or independent assessorswhere required, sought advice from the ARC’s Medical Research Advisory Groupmade recommendations to the CEO in respect of ineligible applications.This report reflects the outcomes approved by the Minister. Unless otherwise specified, data presented in this report exclude withdrawn applications. Assessment Criteria All applications that meet the eligibility criteria for Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 were assessed and merit ranked using the following assessment criteria:a. Investigator(s)/Capability (20%)Describe the:demonstrated record in these activities (for CIs and PIs who will manage the purchase, design, manufacture, installation, maintenance and coordination of access to the proposed research infrastructure); andrelevance of the research infrastructure to the research capacity and planned activities of each CI and PI on the application and, where relevant, to the research groups represented on the application.b. Project quality and innovation (25%)Describe the:aims and significance of the research that will be supported by LIEF funding;relevance of the proposed research infrastructure to the needs of ARC and other competitively funded research projects/programs;importance of equipment for the training of research students;enhancement of support for areas of existing and/or emerging research strength; anddemonstrated national or international focus for large scale cooperative initiatives.c. Feasibility and strategic alignment (25%)Describe the:extent to which the project represents value for money;feasibility of the plan to use the research infrastructure;relevance of the research to the strategic priorities of the organisations;evidence that each of the organisations is genuinely committed to, and prepared to collaborate in, the project;existing or planned strategic research alliances between the higher education organisation(s) and other organisation(s); andeffectiveness of cooperative arrangements for the management and sharing of the proposed research infrastructure, including arrangements for ongoing operational expenditure where applicable.d. Benefit (10%)Describe the:benefit of the proposed research infrastructure to the broader research community; andwhere relevant, the extent to which the applicants have identified the freedom to operate in the Intellectual Property and patent landscape to enable future benefits to industry.e. Sustainability/Need (20%)Describe the:demonstrated needs from the researchers and/or research projects that they will utilise the proposed research infrastructure, including level of demand and likely measurable impact on the research program, including beyond the project activity period;availability of and access to similar research infrastructure at organisational, regional, national and/or international level;planned rate of use of the proposed research infrastructure, including proposed arrangements for broader access to individuals not named on the application;alignment of the planned use with other similar existing infrastructure within Australia and/or internationally; andspecial needs for regional or otherwise remote institutions. Assessment process The ARC assessment process for Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 involved 16 SAC members as a part of one multidisciplinary panel and was managed in the RMS. A total of 430 independent assessors’ reports were submitted to the ARC. Funding levels and duration The minimum level of funding provided by the ARC under Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 is $150,000 per annum and the maximum level of funding cannot exceed 75 per cent of the total direct cost of the eligible budget item(s). Funding is provided for up to one year; or, up to five years for leasing infrastructure, equipment or facilities, the construction of research infrastructure, or subscription or coordinated access to international facilities and major national facilities Summary of Outcomes The ARC received a total of 139 applications for Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities for funding commencing in 2021, one of which was withdrawn.The overall success rate for Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities for funding commencing in 2021 is 34.1 per cent.Of the unsuccessful applications, five were found to not meet eligibility requirements.A comparison of success rates and funding amounts is shown in Table 1.Table 1. Comparison of application numbers, success rates, requested and allocated funds for approved Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities applications from 2020 and 2021Funding yearApplications consideredApplications approvedSuccess rate (%)Requested funds over project life for all applications considered ($)Requested funds over project life for approved applications ($)Funds allocated over project life for approved applications*($)Return rate for approved applications (%)20201644728.7$116,305,596$33,144,068$30,672,75292.520211384734.1$112,226,899$41,171,620$38,827,81294.3*May include indicative funds Outcomes by disciplineA summary of outcomes by discipline is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Application numbers, success rates and requested and allocated funds for approved Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 applications by discipline Discipline *Applications consideredApplications approvedSuccess rate (%)Requested funds over project life for all applications considered ($)Requested funds over project life for approved applications ($)Funds over project life for approved applications ($)Return Rate for approved applications (%)BSB23730.4$18,674,616$5,736,338$5,530,39796.4EIC461328.3$30,977,542$7,693,072$7,216,43993.8HCA9555.6$5,305,603$2,787,595$2,425,11487.0MPCE522140.4$49,663,116$24,056,857$22,774,10494.7SBE8112.5$7,606,022$897,758$881,75898.2Total1384734.1$112,226,899$41,171,620$38,827,81294.3* BSB – Biological Sciences and Biotechnology; EIC – Engineering, Information and Computing Sciences; HCA – Humanities and Creative Arts; MPCE – Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences; SBE – Social, Behavioural and Economic Sciences Outcomes by Science and Research Priorities A summary of outcomes by Science and Research Priorities is shown in Table 3.Table 3. Approved funding and success rate for Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 applications by Science and Research PrioritiesScience and Research PrioritiesApplications consideredApplications approvedSuccess rate (%)Approved funds over project life ($)Advanced manufacturing642234.4$20,099,669Cybersecurity600-Energy7342.9$1,039,418Environmental change10440.0$5,065,837Food500-Health400-Resources3266.7$1,620,654Soil and water7228.6$1,484,728Transport400-Unspecified281450.0$9,517,506Total1384734.1$38,827,812Total within Science and Research Priorities1103330.0$29,310,306Percentage within Science and Research Priorities (%)79.770.2 75.5 Outcomes by Administering Organisation A summary of outcomes by Administering Organisation is shown in Table 4. Table 4. Number of applications and success rates for approved Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 applications by Administering OrganisationAdministering OrganisationApplications consideredApplications approvedSuccess rate (%)Funds over project life for approved applications ($)Australian Capital Territory13323.1$6,269,020The Australian National University13323.1$6,269,020New South Wales411331.7$7,950,651Macquarie University400-Southern Cross University100-The University of Newcastle4125.0$183,437The University of New South Wales14428.6$2,668,250The University of Sydney13646.2$4,232,164University of Technology, Sydney100-University of Wollongong3266.7$866,800Western Sydney University100-Northern Territory100-Charles Darwin University100-Queensland15426.7$3,720,348Queensland University of Technology500-The University of Queensland9444.4$3,720,348University of Southern Queensland100-South Australia10880.0$6,747,822Flinders University3266.7$846,114The University of Adelaide6583.3$5,186,708University of South Australia11100.0$715,000Tasmania2150.0$275,000University of Tasmania2150.0$275,000Victoria441431.8$10,821,196Deakin University300-La Trobe University200-Monash University10110.0$664,580RMIT University5120.0$975,934Swinburne University of Technology6116.7$672,000The University of Melbourne181161.1$8,508,682Western Australia12433.3$3,043,775Curtin University200-Edith Cowan University100-The University of Western Australia9444.4$3,043,775Total1384734.1$38,827,812Career age and gender Of the 1402 Chief Investigators (CIs) in this round, 329 were female, 1066 were male and seven chose not to specify their gender. The success rate for female and male and unspecified CIs in Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 is 39.6 per cent, 36.4 per cent and 28.6 per cent respectively. Success rates of CIs by career age and gender in Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 are presented in Figure 1. CIs who did not provide gender information (0.5 per cent) and CIs who did not specify the date of completion of their PhD or who do not hold a PhD (1.1 per cent) are not represented in the figure below.Figure 1. Participation and success rate of Chief Investigators (CIs) in Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 by gender and career age* *Career age is calculated as years since PhD (or equivalent). The earliest PhD award date was used where there was more than one PhD. Collaboration with Other Eligible Organisations, Partner Organisations and Other OrganisationsLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities applications are expected to develop collaborative arrangements with Other Eligible Organisations and/or Partner Organisations and Other Organisations. A summary of success rates by number of Eligible Organisations is shown in Table 5.Table 5. Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 application success rates by number of Eligible OrganisationsNumber of Eligible Organisations*Number of applications consideredNumber of applications approvedSuccess rate within band (%)1600219315.83311445.24301240.0522731.8612216.7710550.082150.0910010100122150.01311100.01411100.0TOTAL1384734.1* An application with only one Eligible Organisation (the Administering Organisation) may or may not include Partner Organisations and/or Other Organisations. There were no applications with 11 Eligible Organisations. A summary of application success rates by number of collaborating organisations is shown in Table 6. Table 6. Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 application success rates by number of collaborating organisationsNumber of collaborating organisations*Number of applications consideredNumber of applications approvedSuccess rate within band (%)1500212325.0315426.7425936.05271555.661915.3714535.787342.993266.7104125.0113133.3122150.01511100.02011100.0Total1384734.1* Collaborating organisations include the Administering Organisation, Other Eligible Organisations, Partner Organisations and Other Organisations. There were no applications with 13, 14 or 16-19 collaborating organisations. International collaboration In the 138 applications considered, applicants foreshadowed 333 instances of collaboration with researchers in 49 overseas locations. Of the applications approved for funding, 30 foreshadowed 129 instances of collaboration with researchers in 40 overseas locations (Figure 2).Figure 2. International collaborations by location in approved Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 applications* *The top 12 international collaboration locations are listed in Figure 1 and the remaining locations are grouped in the ‘Other’ category. Leverage of ARC funding On Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities 2021 applications approved for funding, for every dollar funded by the ARC the proposed dollar contribution of the collaborating organisations listed on these applications is $9.43. The leverage of ARC funds for approved applications is shown in Table 7.Table 7. Leverage of ARC funds for approved applicationsNumber of applications approvedApproved ARC fundingNumber of unique collaborating organisations*Incidence of involvement of collaborating organisations*Collaborating organisation* Cash and In-kind contributionLeverage (Collaborating organisation* contribution/ARC approved funding)47$38,827,81278280$366,100,980$9.43 Summary of Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities applications approved for funding A summary of the Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities applications approved for funding commencing in 2021, by Administering Organisation is outlined in Table 8. The application titles indicate the variety of equipment, infrastructure and facilities supported in this scheme round.Table 8. Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities applications approved for funding commencing in 2021Applications approved for fundingAdministering OrganisationLead CIA National Facility for the 3D Imaging of the Near SurfaceFlinders University Dr Ian MoffatAusStage LIEF 7: The international breakthroughEm/Prof Julie HolledgeCollaborative robotics for structural assembly and construction automationMonash UniversityProf Yu BaiMultifunctional Platform for Chemical Manufacturing and Energy MaterialsRMIT UniversityProf Adam LeeThe next generation fast radio burst detector for AustraliaSwinburne University of TechnologyA/Prof Ryan ShannonAustralian Membership of the International Ocean Discovery ProgramThe Australian National UniversityProf Eelco RohlingAustralian Partnership in Advanced LIGO+: continuationProf David McClellandFlexible Flame Aerosol Synthesis TechnologyProf Antonio TricoliAdvancing 4D fluorescence microscopy within AustraliaThe University of AdelaideProf Matthew GillihamIntegrated In situ Characterisation Facilities for Energy StudiesProf Shizhang QiaoRevitalizing facilities for nuclear magnetic resonance in South AustraliaProf Andrew AbellStructure Determination Pipeline Capabilities for South AustraliaProf Christopher SumbyThe Cherenkov Telescope Array - From Production towards OperationProf Gavin RowellA 3-photon imaging system for deep live imagingThe University of MelbourneProf Scott MuellerA cutting-edge and high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance platformProf Spencer WilliamsA fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope to track protein dynamicsDr Elizabeth HindeAustralian Cultural Data Engine for Research, Industry and GovernmentProf Rachel FenshamEnabling the Future of the Australian Collider Physics ProgramProf Geoffrey TaylorHydrogen-deuterium exchange system - a missing link in protein analysisProf Michael ParkerMagnetometry Facility for Molecular and Nanoscale MaterialsA/Prof Colette BoskovicNear infrared imaging and spectroscopy facilityDr James HutchisonNew Biomolecular Capabilities for the Melbourne Magnetic Resonance FacilityProf Paul GooleyNyingarn: a platform for primary sources in Australian Indigenous languagesA/Prof Nicholas ThiebergerUltra-precise dating in Earth, planetary and archaeological scienceProf David PhillipsA platform for probing nanoscale magnetic states under multiple actuationsThe University of New South WalesProf Tom WuCryo-Focused Ion Beam Facility for soft and hard materialsProf Richard TilleySpacecraft Innovation LaboratoryProf Andrew DempsterThe Australian Royal Commissions and Public Inquiries LibraryA/Prof Philip ChungFemtoliter Liquid Deposition FacilityThe University of NewcastleProf Andrew FlemingA customised triple-beam microscope for precise fabricating/characterisingThe University of QueenslandProf Jin ZouAdvanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Southeast QueenslandProf Robert CaponAn Advanced Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Facility in QueenslandDr Evan MooreAustralian Environmental Specimen Bank: advancing specimen bank capabilityProf Jochen Mueller3D Two-Photon Nanoprinter for Advanced Multi-Functional Materials & DevicesThe University of SydneyProf Hala ZreiqatAustralian Stress Engineering FacilityProf Anna ParadowskaElectron microscopy facilities for in-situ materials characterisationProf Xiaozhou LiaoHigh Performance Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction FacilityProf Cameron KepertIntegrated Multimodal System for Multiplexed Imaging of Signal TransductionProf David JamesMultifunctional deposition system for advanced superconducting circuitsDr John BartholomewAdvanced Maskless Photolithography for Western AustraliaThe University of Western AustraliaA/Prof Mariusz MartyniukFounding an Australian Critical Zone Observatory NetworkA/Prof Sally ThompsonHigh Resolution Mass Spectrometer for Chemical Characterisation in WADr Gavin FlemattiNational Facility for Infrared TechnologiesProf Lorenzo FaraoneAn ICP-ToF-MS facility for environmental, mineral and biological scienceUniversity of South AustraliaProf Enzo LombiQuarantined ion chromatography mass spectrometry (IC-MS) facilityUniversity of TasmaniaProf Brett PaullHigh-throughput camera system for biological cryo-electron microscopyUniversity of WollongongProf Antoine van OijenRaman Spectroscopic System for In-Operando Electrochemical StudiesProf Zaiping Guo